They can move silently through the forest. They can
kill a huge wild boar with a single bite. Their roar sends shivers down your
spine. They are perhaps the perfect killing machines. They are tigers.
TIGERS ARE HUGE CATS
Tigers are members of the cat family. Lions,
leopards, cheetahs, and house cats are also members of the cat family. Tigers
are the largest cats, and the only cats with stripes. They live in large
forests in southern and southeastern Asia.
A tiger’s short fur is usually colored dark
orange with black stripes. Each tiger has different stripes, and you can use
them to tell tigers apart. The stripes make a tiger stand out if you see them
in the open. In the forests where tigers live, however, the stripes make them
almost invisible.
Like house cats, tigers have soft pads on the
bottoms of their paws. These pads allow tigers to move silently through the
forest. Tigers have long, sharp claws at the ends of their feet. They pull the
claws in until they need them. When needed, the claws pop out like knives.
Their big, yellow eyes give tigers sharp sight to
help find prey. Tigers see as well as people during the day, and much better
than people at night. They also hear very well. They can turn their ears toward
sounds.
Tigers have explosive speed. They have strong muscles
and long legs that help them move extremely fast over short distances. Their
long tails give them balance while running fast. Powerful jaws and sharp teeth
help tigers grab and kill prey once they catch it.
Some tigers in zoos and circuses are white
with blue eyes. People bred these tigers because white tigers fetch more money
from tourists. In the wild, white tigers are very rare. Zoos no longer breed
tigers to be white.
WHAT DO TIGERS EAT?
Tigers eat the largest animals they can catch. They
hunt wild boars, deer, wild cows, young elephants, and young rhinos. Tigers
also kill farmers’ cows and goats. Tigers prefer to avoid people. Sometimes
they attack and kill people, but only if they can’t find other food.
HOW DO TIGERS HUNT?
Tigers hunt alone. They usually hunt at night.
Tigers will travel 6 to 20 miles (10 to 30 kilometers) in one night while
searching for prey.
Tigers sneak up on their prey. They use the
trees and grass to hide. A tiger slowly and silently sneaks until its prey is
about 30 feet (about 10 meters) away. The tiger then lunges, lightning-fast,
and grabs the animal in its paws and wrestles it to the ground. It sinks its
teeth into the animal’s neck to kill it.
The tiger then drags the dead animal to a
hiding place. The tiger will eat for two or three days until the meat is gone.
On average, a tiger must kill once every eight days to avoid starving. Even
though tigers are built to hunt, they are only successful in 1 out of 10 or 20
hunts!
WHY DO TIGERS ROAR?
Tigers roar to scare other tigers away. A
tiger’s roar tells other tigers to keep out of its hunting ground. Tigers also
use smells and scratch marks to mark their territory.
FEW TIGERS REMAIN
Tigers are disappearing in the wild. There are less than
7,000 tigers still alive. People pose the biggest threat to tigers. People
destroy the tiger’s forest home. People have taken away tigers’ food.
People also hunt tigers for sport and sell their
skins and bones. Most countries have passed laws against hunting tigers, but
poachers continue to kill them.
A tiger in a zoo can live to be 20
years old. A wild tiger will likely not live to be 15. Only half of the tiger
cubs born live long enough to leave their mother. Adult tigers have violent
fights with each other. Other animals injure and kill tigers. They can also
starve to death when there is no food.
SAVING TIGERS
Many nations have passed laws to protect tigers.
Scientists are trying to create more national parks for tigers to roam in and
make the forests they live in bigger. Zoos also breed many tigers.